Objectives
To examine the prevalence of self-reported sleep disturbances and cognitive impairment in men and women aged 65 and older and to determine sex-specific effects on the relationship between self-reported sleep and cognitive impairment.
Design
A secondary data analysis from the 2009 Taiwan National Health Interview Survey.
Participants
Individuals aged 65 and older (N = 2,413, n = 1,094 men, n = 1,319 women).
Measurements
Subjective sleep characteristics including sleep duration, difficulty initiating sleep, difficulty maintaining sleep, early-morning awakening, daytime sleepiness, difficulty breathing during sleep, habitual snoring, and daytime napping were measured using survey questions. The Mini-Mental State Examination was used to identify cognitive impairment.
Results
The prevalence of cognitive impairment was 16.3% for men and 27.1% for women. Men and women with cognitive impairment had higher prevalence of self-reported sleep disturbances than those without. There was a significant effect of the interaction between sex and difficulty breathing during sleep on cognitive impairment (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 0.39, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.20–0.77). In men, difficulty breathing during sleep (aOR = 2.31, 95% CI = 1.39–3.84), habitual snoring (aOR = 2.30, 95% CI = 1.49–3.54), and prolonged sleep duration (> 8.5 hours) (aOR = 1.95, 95% CI = 1.11–3.43) correlated significantly with cognitive impairment. In women, only prolonged sleep duration (>8.5 hours) was associated with higher likelihood of cognitive impairment (aOR = 2.32, 95% CI = 1.33–4.03).
Conclusion
This nationwide survey confirmed sex differences in the association between various self-reported sleep disturbances and cognitive impairment in people aged 65 and older.
from Journal of the American Geriatrics Society http://ift.tt/2cJbgxz
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