Association of CHA2DS2‐VASc Score with Stroke, Thromboembolism, and Death in Hip Fracture Patients - American Geriatric Society

OBJECTIVES

Patients undergoing hip fracture surgery have a 10 times increased risk of stroke compared with the general population. We aimed to evaluate the association between the CHA₂DS₂‐VASc (congestive heart failure, hypertension, age ≥75 years, diabetes, previous stroke/TIA [transient ischemic attack]/systemic embolism (2 points), vascular disease, age 65‐74 years, and female sex) score and the risk of stroke, thromboembolism, and all‐cause mortality in patients with hip fracture with or without atrial fibrillation (AF).

DESIGN

Nationwide prospective cohort study.

SETTING

Danish hospitals.

PARTICIPANTS

Subjects were all incident hip fracture patients in Denmark age 65 years and older with surgical repair procedures between 2004 and 2016 (n = 78,096). Participants were identified using the Danish Multidisciplinary Hip Fracture Registry.

MEASUREMENTS

We calculated incidence rates, cumulative incidences, and hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) by CHA₂DS₂‐VASc score, stratified on AF history.

RESULTS

The cumulative incidence of ischemic stroke 1 year after hip fracture increased with ascending CHA₂DS₂‐VASc score, and it was 1.9% for patients with a score of 1 and 8.6% for patients with a score above 5 in the AF group. Corresponding incidences in the non‐AF group were 1.6% and 7.6%. Compared with a CHA₂DS₂‐VASc score of 1, adjusted HRs were 5.53 (95% CI = 1.37‐22.24) among AF patients and 4.91 (95% CI = 3.40‐7.10) among non‐AF patients with a score above 5. A dose‐response–like association was observed for all cardiovascular outcomes. All‐cause mortality risks and HRs were substantially higher for all CHA₂DS₂‐VASc scores above 1 in both the AF group and the non‐AF group.

CONCLUSION

Among patients with hip fracture, a higher CHA₂DS₂‐VASc score was associated with increased risk of stroke, thromboembolism, and death. This finding applied both to patients with and without AF. Patients with high CHA₂DS₂‐VASc scores had almost similar absolute risks for cardiovascular outcomes, irrespective of AF.

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